 | RFID - ISO/IEC Standards list Description: "A radio-frequency identification system uses tags, or labels attached to the objects to be identified. Two-way radio transmitter-receivers called interrogators or readers send a signal to the tag and read its response. The readers generally transmit their observations to a computer system running RFID software or RFID middleware. RFID tags can be either passive, active or battery assisted passive. An active tag has an on-board battery and periodically transmits its ID signal. A battery assisted passive (BAP) has a small battery on board and is activated when in the presence of a RFID reader." - Overview video Frequency: 120–150 kHz (LF), 13.56 MHz (HF), 433 MHz (UHF), 865-868 MHz (Europe)902-928 MHz (North America) UHF, 2450-5800 MHz (microwave), 3.1–10 GHz (microwave) Range: 10cm to 200m Examples: Road tolls, Building Access, Inventory |
 | EnOcean - ISO/IEC 14543-3-10 (Alliance) Description: "The EnOcean technology is an energy harvesting wireless technology used primarily in building automation systems; but is also applied to other applications in industry, transportation, logistics and smart homes. Modules based on EnOcean technology combine micro energy converters with ultra low power electronics and enable wireless communications between batteryless wireless sensors, switches, controllers and gateways." - Overview Video Frequency: 315 MHz, 868 MHz, 902 MHz Range: 300m Outdoor, 30m Indoors Examples: Wireless switches, sensors and controls |
 | NFC - ISO/IEC 18092 and ISO/IEC 14443-2,3,4, JIS X6319-4 Description: "NFC is a set of short-range wireless technologies, typically requiring a distance of 10 cm or less. NFC operates at 13.56 MHz on ISO/IEC 18000-3 air interface and at rates ranging from 106 kbit/s to 424 kbit/s. NFC always involves an initiator and a target; the initiator actively generates an RF field that can power a passive target. This enables NFC targets to take very simple form factors such as tags, stickers, key fobs, or cards that do not require batteries. NFC peer-to-peer communication is possible, provided both devices are powered" Frequency: 13.56 MHz Range: < 0.2 m Examples: Smart Wallets/Cards, Action Tags, Access Control |
 | Bluetooth (SIG) Description: "Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short distances (using short-wavelength radio transmissions in the ISM band from 2400–2480 MHz) from fixed and mobile devices, creating personal area networks (PANs) with high levels of security." - Overview Video Frequency: 2.4GHz Range: 1-100m Examples: Hands-free headsets, key dongles, fitness trackers |
 | WiFi (Alliance) Description: "Wi-Fi is a technology that allows an electronic device to exchange data wirelessly (using radio waves) over a computer network, including high-speed Internet connections. The Wi-Fi Alliance defines Wi-Fi as any "wireless local area network (WLAN) products that are based on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers' (IEEE) 802.11 standards" - 802.11a/b/g/n/af, WiFi Direct, WPS - Overview video Frequency: 2.4 GHz, 3.6 GHz and 4.9/5.0 GHz bands. Range: Common range is up to 100m but can be extended. Applications: Routers, Tablets, etc |
 | Weightless (SIG) Description: "Weightless is a proposed proprietary open wireless technology standard for exchanging data between a base station and thousands of machines around it using White space (wavelength radio transmissions in unoccupied TV transmission channels) with high levels of security." - Overview video Frequency: Varies with legislation (470 – 790MHz) Range: Up to 10km Data Rates: 1kbits/s to 10Mbits/s Examples: Smart meters, traffic sensors, industrial monitoring |
 | GSM (Association) Description: "GSM (Global System for Mobile communications) is an open, digital cellular technology used for transmitting mobile voice and data services. Terrestrial GSM networks now cover more than 90% of the world’s population. GSM satellite roaming has also extended service access to areas where terrestrial coverage is not available." - Overview video Frequency: Europe: 900MHz & 1.8GHz, US: 1.9GHz & 850MHz, Full List can be found here. Data Rate: 9.6 kbps Examples: Cell phones, M2M, smart meter, asset tracking |
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2013年4月21日 星期日
技術 - IoT Communication
以下內容引用自Postsacpes - Trcking the Tnternet of Things，另外也建議相關課程可參考輔仁大學資工系IoT課程介紹網路層的教材。
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